A triangular irregular network tin layer is commonly an elevation surface that represents height values across an extent. It tries to create a surface formed by triangles of nearest neighbour points. Triangulated irregular network meaning triangulated irregular network definition triangulated irregular network explanation. Functionality includes swapping tin lines, adding breaklines to the surface, adding or removing points, adjusting point elevations. The tin model is attractive because of its simplicity and economy and is a. Triangulated irregular network how is triangulated. There are basically two ways of storing triangulated networks. The surface model may be output in a number of representations. These models go by several names and one of the most common is that of a tin or triangulated irregular network. These triangles are used for surface representation and display. The tin model represents a surface as a set of contiguous, nonoverlapping triangles. Jul 01, 2004 the tin triangulated irregular network technique was employed to construct surfaces on which the volume calculation was based. In the first step, digitized contour lines obtained from gilan regional water company were used to create a triangulated irregular network tin. Deriving contour lines from a surfacehelp documentation.
The code is in pl1 there are also some related programs, such as a simple convex hull code. However, multiple transformations must often be applied to the raw source data. This program generates triangulated irregular network, or tin from scattered points on twodimensional plane based on delaunays. Delaunay triangulation, breaklines are densified by the software with steiner.
Developing a scenebased triangulated irregular network tin. A triangulated irregular network tin is a representation of a continuous surface consisting entirely of triangular facets, used mainly as discrete global grid in. A triangular irregular network tin layer is available in map and scene views in. Triangulated irregular network tin is a 3d surface model derived from irregularly. The surface manager toolkit allows the user to modify predefined triangulated surfaces, making realtime modifications and updates to contours and associated tin triangulated irregular network definitions. The triangles are made from a set of points called mass points. For example, use a tin to model a surface if you have features, such as lines or polygons, which you want to use to enforce natural features, such as ridges or valleys, or clip a tin to a study area. With a tin surface present, youll never have to enter station and elevation points. This is the triangulated irregular network tin program that i wrote at simon fraser university in the summer of 1973, at tom poikers and dave douglass suggestion. There is no single geoprocessing tool that does this. The tin files can be opened in bentley geopak application. While both formats store elevation data, tins are less widely supported in gis and cad packages. A series of triangles constructed using elevation data points taken from coverages.
A tin is a vector based representation of the physical land surface or sea bottom, made up of irregularly distributed nodes and lines with three dimensional coordinates x, y and z that are arranged in. You can create contour lines for a raster, triangulated irregular network tin, or. The triangulated irregular network tin utilizes the original sample points to constitute many nonoverlapping triangles that cover the entire region according to a set of rules. Triangulated irregular network an overview sciencedirect topics. This program generates triangulated irregular network, or tin from scattered points on twodimensional plane based on delaunays triangulation. A triangulated irregular network tin is a digital data structure used in a geographic information system gis for the representation of a surface. Triangulated irregular network tin in arcgis youtube.
This data structure allows data to be displayed as threedimensional surface, or to be used for terrain analysis including contouring and visibility mapping. At the heart of nearly every land design project is at least one terrain model. The tin triangulated irregular network interpolation algorithm offered by opentopography is an implementation of martin isenburgs highperformance code. A triangulated irregular network tin was generated from the pointvector data using the arc tin software system a module of the arcinfo gis software system, run on a sunsparc workstation. At selected locations throughout the site, accurate gps coordinates and elevations are surveyed and the points are marked with targets.
It works just great in land desktop 2005 using exactly the same drawing and points. It has been developed as an alternative to the two other data models for surfaces, the regular rectangular grid and the contour model. Jul 03, 2015 for example, use a tin to model a surface if you have features, such as lines or polygons, which you want to use to enforce natural features, such as ridges or valleys, or clip a tin to a study area. Sep 30, 2017 triangulated irregular network meaning triangulated irregular network definition triangulated irregular network explanation. You can add up to two separate tin surfaces concurrently. The triangulated irregular network is a method for describing surfaces and representing terrain at a lower need of storage space than the regular grid that was the only storage technique at the time the early 70s. Triangular irregular networks tin have been used by the gis community for many years and are a digital means to represent surface morphology. The manipulating may be based, at least in part, on the all triangles data set 950, which may store both safe and unsafe triangles. Soft break lines are used to ensure that linear features and polygon edges are. A example of how to create a triangulated irregular network. However this can be done with the following workflow, using the tin node and create tin geoprocessing tools in combination. The tin file extension is associated with files used for storing triangulated irregular networks in environmental modeling systems binary file format also known as digital terrain model dtm the tin files can be opened in bentley geopak application updated. Triangulated irregular network the tin model represents a surface as a set of contiguous, nonoverlapping triangles.
Delaunays tin triangulated irregular network codeproject. Triangulated irregular network gis wiki the gis encyclopedia. About creating a tin surface autodesk knowledge network. A tin is a network of triangles with each triangle having a slope gradient and direction. In this example, a tin is created from piezometric head measurments of groundwater wells. Tins are a digital means to represent surface morphology. Tins are a form of vectorbased digital geographic data and are constructed by triangulating a set of vertices points. Triangular networks are defined as grids of triangle or tetrahedron cells where all of the nodes in the grid are exclusively those in the sample data. You can generate a tin from a an elevation rarset, point, line or polygon 2dlayers or 3d shape files. Within each triangle the surface is represented by a plane. A triangulated irregular network tin is a data structure for representing 3d surfaces comprised of connected, nonoverlapping triangles. Tingenerator constructs a delaunay triangulation based on input points and breaklines.
A contour is a line through all contiguous points with equal height or other values. Hi keta, a tin triangulated irregular network is particular type of digital terrain model dtm used to emulate surfaces in civil engineering and. Goals of the exercise the goal of this exercise is to give a general introduction into the creation of triangulated irregular networks tins. Sage reference triangulated irregular network tin data. Tools for triangulated irregular network tin processing. The elevation of any point in the surface is defined by interpolating the elevations of the vertices of the triangles that the point lies in. A common tin algorithm is called delaunay triangulation. To create tin lines, autodesk civil 3d connects the surface points that are closest together. The tin triangulated irregular network technique was employed to construct surfaces on which the volume calculation was based. A triangulated irregular network tin was generated from the pointvector data using the arctin software system a module of the arcinfo gis software system, run on a sunsparc workstation.
A tin triangulated irregular network is particular type of digital terrain model dtm used to emulate surfaces in civil engineering and. Sage reference triangulated irregular networks tin. The triangular irregular network tin model is an alternative to the gridbased. A tin is a vectorbased representation of the physical land surface or sea bottom, made up of irregularly distributed nodes and lines with threedimensional coordinates x, y, and z that are arranged in a network of nonoverlapping triangles. Triangulated irregular networks tins, or delaunay triangulation, are the simplest and most common tessellation technique, in which a threedimensional surface of contiguous, nonoverlapping triangles is created by linear interpolation of the variable. The tin data set includes topological relationships between points and their proximal triangles. Sfaik, this was the first tin program written anywhere in a gis context. Tin lines form the triangles that make up the surface triangulation.
This article demonstrates how to convert an esri tin file to an elevation contour shapefile using arcgis and the 3d analyst and optionally spatial analyst extensions. Triangulated irregular network free definitions by babylon. Each sample point has an x,y coordinate and a surface, or zvalue triangulated irregular network tin. Functionality includes swapping tin lines, adding breaklines to the surface, adding or removing points, adjusting point elevations, removing tin lines, drawing or. Import a tin triangulated irregular network file from your cad software and channel studio automatically populates your crosssections with geometric data that matches the surface. High resolution digital elevation models dem are becoming increasingly available for use as source data during the process of creating synthetic environments to support simulation systems. This is a layer that can be added in addition to background maps. Sometimes it is necessary to combine two or more triangulated irregular network tin surfaces together into a single tin. A tin is a vector representation of a continuous surface that consists entirely of triangular facets. A series of triangles constructed using elevation data. A dem provides an estimated value for function f at any point x, y of. Delaunay triangulation has several advantages over other triangulation methods. Triangulated irregular network gis definition,meaning. In practice, the value of function f is known at a finite set s of points within d.
Apr, 2018 a tin is a network of triangles with each triangle having a slope gradient and direction. Contour lines are a familiar way of representing surfaces on maps. A triangulated irregular network tin is a vector representation of a ground surface. In two dimensions, these grids are referred to as triangulated irregular networks or tins.
The ground surface is described approximately with these triangles shown in figure 2. A tin is a vector based representation of the physical land surface or sea bottom, made up of irregularly distributed nodes and lines with three dimensional coordinates x,y, and z that are arranged in a network of nonoverlapping triangles. Convert this tin to a raster using the natural neighbors interpolation option to preserve the linear features in the output raster. Each sample point has an x,y coordinate and a surface, or zvalue. For these types of grids, the cell connectivity must be explicitly defined.
System 900 may also include a safe triangle logic 960 to manipulate the triangulated irregular network tin data set 970 and the unsafe triangles data set 980. A terrain can be mathematically modeled as a function z f x, y mapping a point x, y in a domain d in the plane to its elevation value f x, y. Stormwater studio has the ability to add tin triangulated irregular network maps to your project. Announcements blogs communities discussions events glossary. A tin is a vector based representation of the physical land surface or sea bottom, made up of irregularly distributed nodes and lines with three dimensional coordinates x,y, and z. The triangulated irregular network tin is a data model that describes surfaces, especially terrain. There are two complementary approaches to the computer representation of a surface of triangular facets. Populating a name for the spot field parameter results in the creation of 2d point feature class. You can create contour lines for a raster, triangulated irregular network tin, or terrain dataset surface. If the tin has tag values assigned to its triangles, the points can be attributed with these values by specifying a name in the tag value field parameter. An elevation raster grid dataset represents the height of the ground using pixel values.
The tin model was developed in the early 1970s as a simple way to build a surface from a set of irregularly spaced points. In the second step, tin was converted to a digital elevation model dem with 1. A triangulated irregular network tin is a special case of a digital elevation model dem. A triangulated irregular network tin triangulate tra. Triangulated irregular network an overview sciencedirect. A triangulated irregular network tin is a digital data structure used in a geographic information system for the representation of a surface. A triangulated irregular network tin is a representation of a continuous surface consisting entirely of triangular facets, used mainly as discrete global grid in primary elevation modeling the vertices of these triangles are created from field recorded spot elevations through a variety of means including surveying through conventional, global positioning system realtime kinematic gps rtk. Randolph franklin, under the direction of david douglas and thomas peucker poiker, at simon fraser university in 1973. One method gives primacy to the triangular facets themselves. Scans were taken of a tight fitting background screen, with and without the box placed against it. Any nodes that do not have explicitly assigned tag values will assume a value of 0. The tin file extension is associated with files used for storing triangulated irregular networks in environmental modeling systems binary file format also known as digital terrain model dtm. Triangulated irregular network i am trying to create a tin using land desktop 2006 and can only develope the tin for part of my surface model.
1363 74 412 1071 1132 1375 630 358 483 1315 649 17 1142 690 1338 867 1224 1160 92 841 124 1323 1380 579 7 1290 640 1430 660 1268 82 639 1111 1431 1250 385 1080 207 66